Pig is a simple dice game first described in print by John Scarne in 1945.^[1] As with many games of folk origin, Pig is played with many rule variations. Commercial variants of Pig include Pass the Pigs, Pig Dice,^[2] and Skunk. Pig is commonly used by mathematics teachers to teach probability concepts.

• Pig Out Board Game
• Pig Out Arcade Game
• Pig Out Drinking Game
• Game Called Pig Out

Pig is one of a family of dice games described by Reiner Knizia as 'jeopardy dice games'. For jeopardy dice games, the dominant type of decision is whether or not to jeopardize previous gains by rolling for potential greater gains. Most jeopardy dice games can be further subdivided into two categories: jeopardy race games and jeopardy approach games. In jeopardy race games, the object is to be the first to meet or exceed a goal score (e.g. Pig, Pass the Pigs, Cosmic Wimpout, Can't Stop). In jeopardy approach games, the object is to most closely approach a goal score without exceeding it.^[3]

• 3Variations

The idea of the game is to 'pig out' as many cotton balls as possible, using your sticky nose to nuzzle them from the bowl, and then shake them onto the floor. The winner is the person who collects the most cotton balls after 3 minutes of play. The balls must be on the floor, not left on the nose. PIG OUT is a party game in which players take a pig character (including Burnt out Boaris the drunken lout, Lady Gammon Steak a toffee nosed sow.) and place them at the start which is at the center of a playing board that spirals outwards to the finish.

Gameplay[edit]

Each turn, a player repeatedly rolls a die until either a 1 is rolled or the player decides to 'hold':

• If the player rolls a 1, they score nothing and it becomes the next player's turn.
• If the player rolls any other number, it is added to their turn total and the player's turn continues.
• If a player chooses to 'hold', their turn total is added to their score, and it becomes the next player's turn.

The first player to score 100 or more points wins.

For example, the first player, Donald, begins a turn with a roll of 5. Donald could hold and score 5 points, but chooses to roll again. Donald rolls a 2, and could hold with a turn total of 7 points, but chooses to roll again. Donald rolls a 1, and must end his turn without scoring. The next player, Alexis, rolls the sequence 4-5-3-5-5, after which she chooses to hold, and adds her turn total of 22 points to her score.

Optimal play[edit]

Optimal play for 2-player Pig was computed by Todd W. Neller^[4] and visualized by Clifton G. M. Presser in 2001.^[5] At any time, the relevant decision information includes the player's score, the opponent's score, and the turn total. Such information corresponds to a 3D point in the graph's space. If this point is inside the gray solid, the player should roll. Otherwise, the player should hold.

Many 2-dice variants have been analysed,^[6] and human-playable Pig strategies have been compared to optimal play.^[7]

Variations[edit]

Common rule variations include:^[8]

• Two dice: two dice are rolled instead of one (See 'Two Dice Pig' below)
• Any number of dice ('Hog' variation): the player rolls only once per turn with an arbitrary number of dice.
• 6 is bad: a roll of 6 is treated as a roll of 1.

Two-Dice Pig[edit]

This variation is the same as Pig, except:

• Two standard dice are rolled. If neither shows a 1, their sum is added to the turn total.
• If a single 1 is rolled, the player scores nothing and the turn ends.
• If two 1s are rolled, the player’s entire score is lost, and the turn ends.
• If a double is rolled, the point total is added to the turn total as with any roll but the player is obligated to roll again (possible sub-variation of the two-dice game)

Big Pig[edit]

This variation is the same as Two-Dice Pig, except:

Pig Out Board Game

• If two 1s are rolled, the player adds 25 to the turn total.
• If other doubles are rolled, the player adds twice the value of the dice to the turn total.

Skunk[edit]

Skunk (or Think) is a variation of Two-Dice Pig that is played with large groups. Rather than rolling in turn, all players begin the round standing. At any point in the round, a player may hold by sitting down. The round continues until a 1 is rolled, or all players have sat down. Skunk is played in five rounds, and scoring is recorded in a 5-column table with columns labeled with the letters of the word 'SKUNK'. The first round score is entered in the 'S'-column, the next in the first 'K'-column, and so on. After five rounds, the highest-scoring player is the winner.^[9]

Teaching[edit]

Pig often serves as a simple example for teaching probability concepts from the middle school level upwards. The game also provides exercises for teaching Computer Science in areas ranging from introductory courses to advanced machine learning material.^[10]

References[edit]

1. ^Scarne, John (1945). Scarne on Dice. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Military Service Publishing Co.
2. ^Pig at BoardGameGeek
3. ^Reiner Knizia, Dice Games Properly Explained. Elliot Right-Way Books, 1999
4. ^Todd W. Neller and Clifton G.M. Presser. Optimal Play of the Dice Game Pig, The UMAP Journal 25(1) (2004), pp. 25–47.
5. ^http://cs.gettysburg.edu/projects/pig/pigVis.html
6. ^Todd W. Neller and Clifton G.M. Presser. Pigtail: A Pig Addendum, The UMAP Journal 26(4) (2005), pp. 443–458.
7. ^Todd W. Neller and Clifton G.M. Presser. Practical Play of the Dice Game Pig, The UMAP Journal 31(1) (2010), pp. 5–19.
8. ^http://cs.gettysburg.edu/projects/pig/piglinks.html
9. ^http://illuminations.nctm.org/index_d.aspx?id=248
10. ^Todd W. Neller, Clifton G.M. Presser, Ingrid Russell, Zdravko Markov. Pedagogical Possibilities for the Dice Game Pig. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 149–161, June 2006.

External links[edit]

Pass the Pigs is a commercial version of the dice gamePig, but using custom asymmetrical throwing dice, similar to shagai. It was created by David Moffatt and published by Recycled Paper Products as Pig Mania! in 1977. The publishing license was later sold to Milton Bradley and the game renamed Pass the Pigs. In 2001, publishing rights for North America were sold to Winning Moves, which acquired the game outright from David Moffat Enterprises in early 2017.^[3]

• 1Rules

Rules[edit]

Each turn involves one player throwing two model pigs, each of which has a dot on one side. The player gains or loses points based on the way the pigs land. Each turn lasts until the player throwing either rolls the pigs in a way that wipes out their current turn score, wipes out their total game score, or decides to stop their turn, add their turn score to their total score and pass the pigs to the next player. The winner is the first player to reach a predetermined total score.

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Scoring[edit]

• Single pig
  • The pig is lying on its side - 0 Points
  • Razorback - The pig is lying on its back - 5 Points
  • Trotter - The pig is standing upright - 5 Points
  • Snouter - The pig is leaning on its snout - 10 Points
  • Leaning Jowler - The pig is resting on its snout and ear - 15 Points
• Both pigs
  • Sider - The pigs are on their sides, either both with the spot facing upward or both with the spot facing downward - 1 Point
  • Double Razorback - The pigs are both lying on their backs - 20 Points
  • Double Trotter - The pigs are both standing upright - 20 Points
  • Double Snouter - The pigs are both leaning on their snouts - 40 Points
  • Double Leaning Jowler - The pigs are both resting between snouts and ears - 60 Points
  • Mixed Combo - A combination not mentioned above is the sum of the single pigs' scores
  • Pig Out - If both pigs are lying on their sides, one with the spot facing upwards and one with the spot facing downwards the score for that turn is reset to 0 and the turn changes to the next player
  • Makin' Bacon (or Oinker) - If both pigs are touching in any position,^[2] then the total score is reset to 0 and the turn changes to the next player
  • Piggyback - If one pig lands completely resting on top of the other, then the player is out of the game. (According to the scoring rules on the front of the game package such a result is impossible.)

There are several variations to these game rules. One is the Hog Call, where a player attempts to guess the score their opponent is about to land. After scoring 20 points a non-throwing player may attempt a Hog Call. To do so, the non-throwing player must scream 'sooee!' before the opposing players throw. The caller must then guess the score of the next throw. If correct, the caller receives the points thrown, and the thrower loses double the points thrown. Only one player may hog call per throw.

Variants[edit]

• Pass The Pigs Big Pigs (2016) Each pig measures about 6' and is made of foam rubber. They land in all the same poses as the standard 2 pigs. It includes a larger score pad and a drawstring storage bag.
• Pass The Pigs Pig Party Edition (2011) The game includes 4 sets of pigs for a total of 8 pigs. The gameplay is a little different from standard Pass The Pigs in that players try to roll a position, or combination, as depicted on a card from the roll-card deck. Players take turns and whoever rolls it first wins the card and the points. If a player rolls the move pictured on the first roll they win the card plus a bonus roll. A bonus roll entitles the player to roll all eight pigs at once to get bonus points.

Relative frequencies[edit]

The approximate relative frequencies of the various positions (for a single pig), using a standardized surface and trap-door rolling device and a sample size of 11,954, are^[4]

References[edit]

Pig Out Arcade Game

1. ^'Pass the Pigs - Rules'. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
2. ^ ^ab'Pass the Pigs - Hasbro (PDF)'(PDF). Retrieved 27 September 2014.
3. ^'Winning Moves Inc. Announces Acquisition of Top-Selling Game Brand PASS THE PIGS®' (Press release). Winning Moves. PR NewsWire. 18 January 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2018.CS1 maint: others (link)
4. ^Kern, John C. (2006). 'Pig Data and Bayesian Inference on Multinomial Probabilities'. Journal of Statistics Education. American Statistical Association. 14 (3). doi:10.1080/10691898.2006.11910593.

External links[edit]

Pig Out Drinking Game

• Pass the Pigs at BoardGameGeek

Game Called Pig Out